Combined oral contraceptives: update recommendations of the Latin American contraceptive association.

Background: In recent years, new combined oral contraceptives (COCs) have become available, representing an advance in terms of individualization and compliance by users.Objective: To provide recommendations regarding COCs: formulations, use, efficacy, benefits and safety.Method: For these recommendations, we have used the modified Delphi methodology and carried out a systematic review of studies found in the literature and reviews performed in humans, published in English and Spanish in Pubmed, Medline and advanced medicine and computer networks until the year 2021, using the combination of terms: 'oral contraceptives', 'estroprogestins' and 'combined oral contraceptives'.Results: Regarding the estrogen component, initially switching from mestranol (the pro-drug of ethinylestradiol) to ethinylestradiol (EE) and then reducing the EE dose helped reduce side effects and associated adverse events. Natural estradiol and estradiol valerate are already available and represent a valid alternative to EE. The use of more potent 19-nortestosterone-derived progestins, in order to lower the dose and then the appearance of non-androgenic progestins with different endocrine and metabolic characteristics, has made it possible to individualize the prescription of COC according to the profile of each woman.Conclusion: Advances in the provision of new COCs have improved the risk/benefit ratio by increasing benefits and reducing risks. Currently, the challenge is to tailor contraceptives to individual needs in terms of safety, efficacy, and protection of female reproductive health.

Terapia hormonal de la menopausia en el año 2021 / Menopause hormone therapy in 2021

En enero de 2021 la Asociación Colombiana de Menopausia realizó el simposio "Terapia hormonal de la menopausia" contando con la participación de respetados profesores de la especialidad y a cada uno se le asignó un tema para ser revisado y presentado de acuerdo a la evidencia actual. En noviembre del año 2020 el Instituto de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos (INVIMA) había lanzado una alerta sobre "Riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de mama en mujeres postmenopáusicas en manejo con terapia de reemplazo hormonal", apoyándose en una decisión del Reino Unido. Dentro de las afirmaciones de INVIMA se encontró que el uso prolongado por más de un año incrementa el riesgo de cáncer de mama sin que sea claro su soporte científico para tal afirmación. El pronunciamiento del Reino Unido se soportó en el estudio "Tipo y momento de la terapia hormonal de la menopausia y el riesgo de cáncer de mama: Meta-análisis de participantes individuales de la evidencia epidemiológica mundial, del Grupo de colaboración sobre factores hormonales en el cáncer de mama, publicado en la revista médica The Lancet el 29 de agosto de 2019. Varias asociaciones científicas se manifestaron en contra de lo enunciado y por ende la Asociación Colombiana de Menopausia consideró apropiado hacer una revisión exhaustiva del papel de la terapia hormonal en la actualidad. El resultado de dicho trabajo es presentado en esta revisión.

On January 2021 de Colombian Menopause Association did a symposium "Menopause hormonal therapy" with participation of respectable professors of the specialty, to each one previously a topic had been assigned for its review and presentation according to actual evidence. On November 2020 the Colombian Institute for Drugs and Foods Vigilance (INVIMA) had issued an alert about the "Risk of developing breast cancer in postmenopausal women under treatment with hormone replacement therapy", having support in a decision taken in the United Kingdom. One of the things affirmed by INVIMA was that prolonged use, greater than one year, increases the risk of breast cancer, without clear scientifically supporting this issue. In the United Kingdom the pronunciation was supported on the study, "Type and moment of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of breast cancer: Metanalisis of individual participants of worldwide epidemiological evidence, from the Collaborative group on hormonal factors in breast cancer published in The Lancet on August 29, 2019. Various scientific associations manifested against what was expressed and the Colombian Menopause Association considered appropriate to do an exhaustive review of the role of hormonal therapy today. The result of such work is presented in this paper.

II Consenso Colombiano para el Manejo de la Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica / Second Colombian Consensus on the Management of Post-menopausal Osteoporosis: 2017 Update

Resumen La Asociación Colombiana de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral se reunió a principios de 2017 para actualizar el Consenso Colombiano de Osteoporosis, elaborado por primera vez en 2005, un paso que se consideró necesario en vista del subdiagnóstico de esta enfermedad, el impacto esperado del envejecimiento poblacional y los cambios en el tratamiento farmacológico que ha habido desde entonces. Se seleccionó un equipo técnico con especialistas de múltiples áreas y amplia trayectoria, repartidos en 4 grupos de trabajo: definición y epidemiología, diagnóstico, tratamiento farmacológico y medidas no farmacológicas. Luego de una revisión de la literatura científica, en reuniones de trabajo se generaron las definiciones y recomendaciones que se resumen en este documento.

Abstract The Colombian Osteoporosis and Mineral Metabolism Association met in early 2017 to update the Colombian Consensus on Osteoporosis. This was first issued in 2005, and is seen as a necessary step in view of the underdiagnosed status of this disease, and the expected impact of population ageing. A technical team was formed with specialists with long experience across multiple disciplines, who were assigned to four working groups: definitions and epidemiology, diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and non-pharmacological treatment. After a scientific literature review and a series of meetings, the definitions and recommendations are summarised in this article.